 |
IAHA Drugs/Medication ad hoc Study Committee, Appendix Table I |
| Our Charge: "Conduct an impartial study to determine which AHSA category best serves the Arabian Horse Breed -- No Foreign Substance or Therapeutic Substance Group" |
|
Category |
Name |
Purpose |
Short-term Effect ArabHorse/Breed |
Long-term Effect ArabHorse/Breed |
Other Comments |
| Antibiotics | trimethoprim-sulfa penicillins aminoglycosides |
Control bacterial infection | Controls bacterial infection and aids in healing | Potential to hinder drug testing procedures | |
| Nsaid’s (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
aspirin flunixin meglumine ketoprofen meclofenamic acid phenylbutazone indomethacin dipyrone ketorolac (torodol) |
1. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agents activity 2. Analgesic activity |
1. Reduce inflammation, to aid the healing process 2. May allow the horse to continue the competition, even with the potentially damaging physical condition |
1. High dosages and/or long-term usage may cause toxic effects on various body systems, especially the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. 2. When used in "drug cocktails" possible adverse effects. 3. Drug effects potentiated by exercise and dehydration. |
Horses under the influence of these drugs can show appearing to be sound; however, as the show ring is a place where breeding stock is often selected for mating or purchase, genetic defects which cause lameness can be masked, giving a false impression of the horse. See Note 1 following this table for more detailed information |
| Anabolic Steroids |
stanozolol stilbestrol testosterone |
1. Increase lean body weight and enhance muscular growth 2. Promote stallion-like behavior |
Can cause masculinization of females and premature physical development of males | 1. Can cause adverse changes to young musculoskeletal structures. 2. Impaired reproductive function |
1. Creates physical and/or mental appearance which does not genetically breed on. |
| Corticosteroids | dexamethasone prednisolone/ Prednisone methylprednisone triamcinolone etc. |
1. Anti-inflammatory activity 2. Suppress the immune system |
1. Reduce inflammation to aid healing 2. Suppress allergic reactions 3. Alter the mood |
1. "Open door" to infection by suppressed immune system 2. Possible laminitis 3. Delayed healing properties |
|
| Reproductive hormones | progesterone Altranogest | Manipulate reproductive activity | Alter mood by keeping mares out of "heat" |
Could influence breeding selection decisions by indicating a disposition different from the genetically- inherited trait. | |
| cont. | estrogen testosterone |
Manipulate reproductive activity | 1. Alter the mood 2. Alter "mental toughness" |
Alter physical phenotype (appearance different than genetics, genotype, would determine) | Could influence breeding selection decisions by indicating a disposition different from the genetically-inherited trait. |
| Stimulants | cocaine caffeine ephedrine epinephrine amphetamines |
1. Stimulation of CNS 2. Stimulate the sympathetic nervous system |
1. Alter disposition 2. Increase performance |
"Addictive-effect" possible | Gives an "altered view" of animal |
| Local irritants | ginger iodine |
irritant | When used to alter natural tail carriage, causes extreme discomfort for the horse | Alters physical phenotypical expression and appearance | Could influence breeding selection decisions by indicating appearance which is different from the genetically inherited physical tail carriage. This can cause the horse to become cautious about its hindquarter. Could result in kicking, etc. |
| Sedatives Tranquilizers |
acepromazine detoraidine diazepam (Valium) methocarbamol phenobarbital phenytoin xylazine |
1. Used to sedate 2. Analgesic effects |
1. Alter disposition--the perception of fatigue for performance 2. Decrease performance |
"Alters view" and affects performance | |
| cont. | propanolol | Used to sedate by affecting blood pressure | Alter disposition--the perception of fatigue | ||
| Antidepressants | tricyclic | ||||
| Narcotics | morphine butorphanol oxymorphone pentazocine |
Pain relief | 1. Pain relief 2. "Euphoric" state possible |
May be used to mask painful physical condition | |
| Local Anesthetics | lidocaine Novacaine mepivacaine |
Block nerve stimuli--diagnostic use | Block pain sensation | Allows horses with severe pain to compete | |
| Hormones | ACTH | Stimulates adrenal glands | Suppress immune system | 1. "Opens door" to infection by the suppressed immune system 2. Possible laminitis 3. Delayed healing properties |
May alter disposition |
| cont. | thyroxine | Replace thyroid gland production deficits | Increase basal metabolism and energy level | May alter the overall attitude and personality of the horse |
